When I was young, our solar system had
9 planets. It was a nice big family, which seemed to be fairly popular back then.
And then, not long ago, tragedy struck; Pluto was demoted to ‘dwarf planet’.
On the other hand, our solar system
family grew, because several other ‘dwarf planets’ were also named; Ceres in
the asteroid belt, and Eris, Haumea, and Makemake in the Kuiper Belt. So right
now, our solar system has 13 ‘planets’. A baker’s dozen! This year, 2 probes
checked out 2 different dwarf planets, and the stuff I’ve been hearing is
absolutely amazing!
Let’s start with Ceres, because it’s
the closest to us. It’s only a hop past Mars.
I’m not sure I even heard of Ceres
before it became a dwarf planet. Discovered in 1801, it was named a planet, then
other asteroids were found in that belt, and Ceres became just another
asteroid. And nobody really paid the asteroids any attention. The most respect
they got was when a science fiction author included a nail-biting scene when
his space ship had to negotiate the asteroid belt on its way to the outer
system. Other ships might meet their doom in ‘the belt’, but not the ship the
hero was on.
How would a scifi author treat Ceres
now? It’s the smallest dwarf planet/biggest object in the asteroid belt. Would it
be mined, like some think the asteroid belt would be? Would there be a base
there? Do we know of anything important about Ceres?
Yes, we do.
Ceres has water.
No, Ceres doesn’t have rivers or oceans.
But it has water and some kind of salt.
Scientists know this because of Ahuna
Mons, one of the bright spots that dots Ceres’ surface. On Mars, Olympus Mons is a huge mountain. Ahuna Mons is Ceres’ biggest mountain.
The probe, Dawn, took pictures to map Ceres’ surface, and they show that Ahuna
Mons reaches approximately 3 miles in height. If someone wanted to drill
straight through, from one side to the other, they’d have to drill for 12
miles. Walking completely around this ‘big bump’ would be a trip somewhat more
than 36 miles.
Its slopes are steep and shiny. The
top isn’t a point—more like a plateau with cracks.
It’s a volcano. But it doesn’t spew
out molten rock; Ceres is too cold. Evidence indicates it spews a thick slush
of water, salts and mud. And it’s geologically new - only a billion years old.
There are other bumps on Ceres; older
slush volcanoes that are eroded and pocked by collisions. Now, your word for
the day is cryovolcano, which is a
slush volcano.
Can’t you see it? Our space-faring
descendants taking a road trip to Ceres for a refreshing salty mud slushey.
Umm, Yummm. I can almost taste it now!