How many are here for Leg 9 of the Weird Planets Tour? All of you? Okay,
we’ll get started. Frankly, a lot of people stay in their hotel room for this
day. After 8 straight days of viewing planets, they feel they’ve seen all the
possibilities. I prefer to think that each planet has something that makes it
unique. Everybody secured? Here we go.
Today we’re going to visit planets and systems discovered by the Kepler
Telescope, which was the first unit designed and launched specifically to look
for xenoplanets. Our first stop is the Kepler-11
system. Take a look; there are at least 5 planets, although sometimes I
swear there’s 6. And they’re all packed in real close to their parent star. If
this were the Earth system, all of them would be within Mercury’s orbit. And yet, this system is stable; they aren’t
playing havoc with each other’s orbits. When this system was first discovered,
a lot of scientists revisited the ideas about planet formation. And Kepler-11
also suggested that systems with multiple small planets might be common. It
makes the Earth system a little less unique, but ups the possibility that other
intelligent beings – or at least life of some kind – will eventually be found.
At about that same time, the Kepler Telescope discovered Kepler-10c, a mega-Earth planet that
some called the “Godzilla of Earths”. 10c is 2.3 times the size of Earth, and
17 times heavier. I think that means if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, on 10c
you would weigh 1,700 pounds. You couldn’t stand up on 10c. You wouldn’t have
enough muscles to do it. Now, 10c has a sibling, Kepler-10b, which is a lava
world. We’ll catch a glance of that on our way out. The Kepler-10 system is 570
light years from Earth, and is located in the constellation Draco. Considering
the naming practice, there should also be a planet called Kepler-10a. I keep
asking about it, but they never add any notes about that planet, if it even
exists.
In front of us, you can see a double star. Orbiting around both stars is a circumbinary planet, Kepler-16b, which some have nick-named
“Tatooine”. You’ve already visited the other so-called “Tatooine”, haven’t you?
In a trinary star system? Yes, that earlier 1 only orbits one of the 3 stars,
so the chances of any occupants actually seeing 2 suns setting at the same time
are pretty slim, but on Kepler-16b, that could be possible.
Our next planet is Kepler-22b. Yes, ma’am, I’m sure there were
discoveries between 16 and 22, but they haven’t given me any information on
them. They carefully pick which planets to have you view. I’m afraid we
couldn’t possibly visit every planet that’s been discovered. At this point,
there are thousands of them, and it would take years, even if we managed
several in 1 day.
The next planet is Kepler-22b.
This planet is in its system’s habitable zone, and could possibly be an actual
water world, which we don’t have in Earth’s system.
A short hop away is the Kepler-36
system. Do you see the 2 planets? Just 2, and their orbits are extremely
close to each other. At their closest, the distance between them is 1.2 million
miles, which is only 5 times the distance between the Earth and her moon. That
might make colonizing easier than Earth had in colonizing Mars.
And now we skip all the way to Kepler-186f.
Does anything look familiar about this planet? Some people think there is, even
if they can’t say what. Kepler-186f was the first rocky planet found in the
habitable zone, so the temperature is right for liquid water. It’s also very
close in size to Earth. It always makes me want to land and see what might live
there. But we have to keep moving, or we’ll never get done.
Here we have the Kepler-444
system, the oldest known planetary system. Here we have no less than 5
terrestrial-sized planets, all in orbital resonance. This group shows that solar
systems have formed and existed in our galaxy for nearly its entire life.
Kepler-452b is the first Earth-sized planet found
in the habitable zone of a sun-like star. So it might look even more familiar
than 186f did. 452b is only 60% larger than Earth, and 5% further from its
star. Following our earlier logic, if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, here you
would weigh 160 pounds, which would be tiring, but do-able. And if a typical
day on Earth got to 100°, here it might get to 95°. But there are a lot of
things that have an influence on a planet’s temperature, so I’m not absolutely
certain of that last statement. Still, at first glance, it certainly sounds
inviting.
And now, just one last pause on our way back to the station. As you may
know, the Kepler Telescope developed a technical problem, which scientists
‘fixed’, sort of, but its mission had to be modified to accommodate its
somewhat limited capability. At that point, they stopped using ‘Kepler’ in the
naming ritual and started using ‘K2’, to indicate these discoveries were made
after its mission was modified.
This is the K2-3 system. We’re
a bit late getting back, so we won’t stop here long. K2-3 has 3 super-Earths in
orbit. If you check today’s pamphlet, the mass and radius of each is listed.
The home office keeps promising to include updates on their atmosphere
compositions, so if you see that information, I’d appreciate you letting me
know.
And here we are. I apologize for a long day, but Leg 9 always takes
longer than the home office thinks it should. Have a pleasant evening and get a
good night’s sleep.
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/20-intriguing-exoplanets
www.space.com/159-strangest-alien-planets.html
